Mental and Physical Health
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Mental and Physical Health
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This flashcard set covers key concepts in health psychology, focusing on the interplay between mental and physical well-being. Learners will explore stress responses, coping strategies, and positive psychology factors, along with various psychological disorders and their treatments. Key topics include the General Adaptation Syndrome, anxiety disorders, personality disorders, and treatment modalities such as behavioral and cognitive therapies. This resource is ideal for understanding psychological principles related to health and mental illness.
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Health Psychology
branch of psychology that addresses physical well-being and illness
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Stress
physiological and psychological response associated with hypertension, headaches, and immune suppression
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Distress
negative or damaging stress
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Eustress
positive or motivating stress
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Tend and Befriend Theory of Stress
theory that some people cope with stress by caring for others and seeking social connections
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General Adaptation Syndrome
three-stage stress response process
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Alarm
initial reaction with shock and fight/flight/freeze response
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Resistance
stage where body copes and immune system is enhanced
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Exhaustion
stage where body is depleted and more likely to get sick
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Problem-focused coping
addressing stress by solving or changing the stressor
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Emotion-focused coping
managing emotional response to stress
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Positive Psychology
study of factors that promote well-being, resilience, and positive emotions
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Gratitude
expressing thankfulness to improve well-being
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Wisdom
strength involving learning and curiosity
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Courage
strength involving bravery and perseverance
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Humanity
strength involving love and kindness
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Justice
strength involving teamwork and fairness
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Temperance
strength involving humility and forgiveness
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Transcendence
strength involving gratitude and hope
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Posttraumatic growth
positive psychological change after trauma
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Biopsychosocial Model
approach combining biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors
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Diathesis-Stress Model
theory that genetic predisposition is activated by environmental stress
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Eclectic Approach
using multiple perspectives for treatment
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Abnormal Behavior
behavior defined by dysfunction, distress, or deviation from norms
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DSM
diagnostic manual published by the APA
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ICD
diagnostic manual published by the WHO
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Neurodevelopmental Disorders
disorders with early onset affecting development
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ADHD
disorder involving inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity
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Autism Spectrum Disorder
disorder involving social communication deficits and repetitive behaviors
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Anorexia Nervosa
eating disorder involving extreme weight loss and distorted body image
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Bulimia Nervosa
eating disorder involving binge eating followed by purging
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Major Depressive Disorder
severe and persistent sadness and loss of interest
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Persistent Depressive Disorder
long-term, less severe depression
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Mania
elevated mood with risky behavior and rapid thoughts
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Bipolar I Disorder
disorder with full manic and depressive episodes
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Bipolar II Disorder
disorder with hypomanic and depressive episodes
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Schizophrenia
disorder involving disordered thinking, emotions, and perceptions
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Positive Symptoms
symptoms that add abnormal behaviors (e.g., hallucinations, delusions)
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Hallucinations
sensory experiences without external stimuli
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Delusions
false beliefs despite evidence
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Disorganized Thinking
incoherent or illogical speech
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Disorganized Motor Behavior
unpredictable or inappropriate movement
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Negative Symptoms
absence of normal behaviors
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Flat Affect
reduced emotional expression
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Catatonia
lack of movement or responsiveness
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Anxiety Disorders
disorders involving excessive fear or anxiety
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Phobia
irrational fear of a specific object or situation
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Agoraphobia
fear of situations where escape is difficult
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Panic Disorder
disorder with sudden, intense panic attacks
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Social Anxiety Disorder
fear of being judged by others
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder
chronic, excessive worry
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
disorder involving obsessions and compulsions
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Obsessions
intrusive, unwanted thoughts
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Compulsions
repetitive behaviors to reduce anxiety
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Hoarding
compulsive collecting and inability to discard items
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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
disorder following trauma with flashbacks and hypervigilance
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Dissociative Amnesia
memory loss due to trauma
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Fugue State
sudden travel with loss of identity
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Dissociative Identity Disorder
disorder with multiple distinct identities
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Personality Disorders
enduring, inflexible behavior patterns
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Paranoid Personality Disorder
distrust and suspicion of others
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Schizoid Personality Disorder
lack of interest in relationships
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Schizotypal Personality Disorder
odd beliefs and social discomfort
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Antisocial Personality Disorder
disregard for others and rules
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Borderline Personality Disorder
unstable relationships and self-image
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Histrionic Personality Disorder
excessive emotionality and attention-seeking
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Narcissistic Personality Disorder
need for admiration and lack of empathy
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Avoidant Personality Disorder
social inhibition and feelings of inadequacy
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Dependent Personality Disorder
excessive need to be cared for
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Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
preoccupation with order and control
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Biological Causes of Disorders
genetic and brain-based factors
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Sociocultural Causes of Disorders
cultural and environmental influences
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Behavioral/Cognitive Causes
learned behaviors and maladaptive thinking
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Treatment of Disorders
methods used to reduce psychological symptoms
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Nonmaleficence
ethical principle to do no harm
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Fidelity
maintaining trust and professional standards
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Integrity
honesty and accuracy
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Respect for Dignity
respecting individuals’ rights
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Deinstitutionalization
releasing patients from institutions due to better treatments
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Decentralized Approach
combining medication and therapy with minimal hospitalization
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Psychodynamic Therapy
therapy focusing on unconscious processes
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Free Association
speaking freely to uncover thoughts
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Dream Interpretation
analyzing dreams for meaning
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Antipsychotics
medications that reduce dopamine
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Tardive Dyskinesia
movement disorder side effect of antipsychotics
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Antidepressants
medications increasing serotonin/norepinephrine
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Anti-anxiety Drugs
medications increasing GABA
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Lithium
mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder
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Electroconvulsive Therapy
treatment using electrical stimulation for severe depression
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Psychosurgery
surgical intervention in the brain
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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
noninvasive brain stimulation for depression
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Humanistic Perspective
focus on personal growth and self-fulfillment
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Person-Centered Therapy
therapy emphasizing empathy and acceptance
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Active Listening
fully engaging and responding to client
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Unconditional Positive Regard
accepting clients without judgment
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Cognitive Perspective
focus on changing negative thought patterns
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Cognitive Triad
negative views of self, world, and future
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Cognitive Restructuring
changing maladaptive thoughts
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Behavioral Perspective
focus on modifying behavior
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Systematic Desensitization
gradual exposure to reduce anxiety
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Aversive Conditioning
associating unwanted behavior with unpleasant stimulus
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Biofeedback
monitoring and controlling physiological responses
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Token Economy
reinforcing behavior with rewards
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Dialectical Behavior Therapy
therapy combining acceptance and change strategies
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Rational-Emotive Therapy
replacing irrational beliefs with rational ones
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Group Therapy
therapy with multiple participants for support
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Hypnosis
altered state of awareness used for treatment