Great Depression and New Deal
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Great Depression and New Deal
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This flashcard set explores the Great Depression, including its duration, key events, economic conditions, and significant governmental responses. Learners will study the roles of Presidents Herbert Hoover and Franklin D. Roosevelt, the impact of the New Deal, and the social implications of these historical events. Additional topics include economic speculation, unemployment, and critiques of New Deal policies, providing a comprehensive overview of this pivotal period in U.S. history.
Card 1
What was the duration of the 1930s depression in U.S. history?
It lasted longer than any other economic depression in U.S. history.
Card 2
Who were the two U.S. presidents during the 1930s depression?
Herbert Hoover and Franklin Roosevelt.
Card 3
What percentage of income did the top 5% of the richest Americans receive?
Over 33% of all income.
Card 4
What caused stock market speculation in the 1920s?
People in all classes "played the stock market."
Card 5
How did people typically buy stocks during the 1920s?
Most people were buying on margin.
Card 6
What contributed to the overproduction of consumer goods in the 1930s?
Excessive use of credit and weak consumer demand.
Card 7
What were the characteristics of the farm economy during the 1930s?
It was weak and led to low productivity.
Card 8
What was the state of government policies regarding business regulation before the Great Depression?
There was no regulation of business.
Card 9
What global economic issues contributed to the Great Depression?
Europe was recovering from WWI and countries were economically interdependent.
Card 10
What occurred on Black Thursday, October 24, 1929?
There was an unprecedented volume of selling.
Card 11
What happened on Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929?
Millions of investors sold their stocks with no buyers.
Card 12
By what year did the economic decline of the 1930s reach its lowest point?
The economic decline reached bottom in 1932.
Card 13
What event marked the complete recovery from the depression of the 1930s?
Complete recovery came with World War II in 1939.
Card 14
By how much did the nation's income decline during the depression?
The nations income declined by 50%.
Card 15
What percentage of banks closed during the depression?
20% of banks closed.
Card 16
How many savings accounts were wiped out during the depression?
10 million savings accounts were wiped out.
Card 17
What was the unemployment rate in 1933?
25% unemployment.
Card 18
How did federal government power change during the Great Depression?
The power of the federal government increased over the people.
Card 19
What was Hoovers initial stance on government involvement in the economy?
He initially wanted little government involvement.
Card 20
What did Hoover believe about government assistance affecting work ethic?
Hoover believed it would destroy work ethic.
Card 21
Where did Hoover believe relief should come from instead of federal levels?
Relief should come from local and state levels.
Card 22
What type of financial aid did Hoovers government provide?
Hoover's government gave money to railroads, banks, and corporations.
Card 23
What was a major criticism of Hoovers aid policies?
Critics said aid went to those who needed it least.
Card 24
How did the Hawley-Smoot Tariff of 1930 impact the global economy?
It raised tariffs and reduced trade, worsening the Depression.
Card 25
What was the consequence of international debt payment suspensions?
Trade was reduced as economies declined further.
Card 26
What steps did Hoover take to address the farm crisis during the depression?
Hoover recognized more needed to be done and created the Federal Farm Board and Reconstruction Finance Corporation.
Card 27
What was the significance of the 1932 WWI veterans' march on Washington, D.C.?
They demanded early payment of war bonuses.
Card 28
What did Franklin D. Roosevelt pledge during his campaign?
He pledged a "new deal," the repeal of Prohibition, and an end to unemployment.
Card 29
What major political change occurred after FDR's election?
Most Americans wanted change, and FDR was elected.
Card 30
What were the goals of FDRs New Deal?
Relief, Recovery, and Reform.
Card 31
Who was Frances Perkins, and why was she significant?
Frances Perkins was the first woman in a U.S. Cabinet as Secretary of Labor.
Card 32
What was unique about FDR's 100-day special session?
It passed more legislation than any other Congress.
Card 33
What were some of the programs under FDRs New Deal?
WPA, AAA, CCC, NRA were programs under the New Deal.
Card 34
What role did the fireside chats serve during FDR's presidency?
They used radio to directly address Americans.
Card 35
What was the purpose of the Social Security Act of 1935?
To provide federal insurance and financial support to retirees over 65 years.
Card 36
Who benefited from the Social Security Act aside from retirees?
Unemployment compensation for those who lost jobs or were disabled.
Card 37
How did FDR's civil rights policy affect African Americans and women?
FDR did not have an aggressive civil rights policy; Eleanor Roosevelt advocated for them.
Card 38
What was the American Liberty League's stance on the New Deal?
They criticized the New Deal for bordering on socialism/communism.
Card 39
Who was Father Charles E. Coughlin in relation to the New Deal?
A Catholic priest who attacked the New Deal.
Card 40
What was Huey Long's nickname, and what was his role during FDR's era?
"Kingfish" from Louisiana challenged FDR for Democratic support.
Card 41
What actions did the Supreme Court take against New Deal programs?
Declared AAA and NRA unconstitutional.
Card 42
What did FDR propose in his judicial reorganization bill, and why was it controversial?
FDR proposed adding justices for each one over 70.5 years, seen as tampering with checks and balances.
Card 43
What caused the migration of 'Okies' in the 1930s?
Drought in the Great Plains caused farms to become unproductive.
Card 44
Which novel by John Steinbeck depicted the hardships of the Dust Bowl?
"The Grapes of Wrath" (1939).
Card 45
What happened to the national debt during the New Deal?
The national debt increased.
Card 46
Why was the New Deal considered wasteful and confusing by critics?
Critics argued New Deal programs were ineffective and disorderly.
Card 47
What two political ideologies are contrasted in relation to FDR's policies?
Hamiltonian (big government) vs. Jeffersonian (common man).