AP Psychology Condensed
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AP Psychology Condensed
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This flashcard set explores key concepts in psychology, covering topics such as research methods, personality theories, pain perception, and therapeutic approaches. Learners will practice defining and understanding terms like hypothesis, personality disorders, defense mechanisms, and various types of data. The set also delves into treatment methods and ethical principles in therapy, providing a comprehensive overview of psychological concepts and their applications.
Card 1
What is a hypothesis?
A tentative explanation that must be falsifiable.
Card 2
What are the mental and physical aspects of pain?
Pain is experienced both mentally and physically.
Card 3
What is the psychodynamic explanation of personality?
Personality is unconscious and shaped by early experiences.
Card 4
What are the symptoms characteristic of Cluster B personality disorders?
Dramatic, emotional, erratic behaviors.
Card 5
How is an operational definition used in research?
It provides clear, quantifiable definitions for replication.
Card 6
What is 'hot' in the context of pain?
'Hot' refers to the activation of warm and cold receptors.
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What does the id represent in psychodynamic theory?
The id represents hidden desires and wants.
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What does antisocial mean in the context of Cluster B disorders?
Disregard for others, manipulative, law-breaking.
Card 9
What is qualitative data?
Descriptive data, such as eye color.
Card 10
What are the six taste receptors?
The six taste receptors are bitter, salty, sweet, sour, umami, and oleogustus.
Card 11
What does the superego represent in psychodynamic theory?
The superego represents moral conscience.
Card 12
What characterizes borderline personality disorder?
Unstable interpersonal relationships and self-image.
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What is quantitative data?
Numerical data necessary for statistics.
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How do the tongue, mouth, and brain contribute to taste?
They process taste by interacting with sensory receptors.
Card 15
How does the ego function in psychodynamic theory?
The ego mediates between id and superego, coping with reality.
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What behavior is typical of someone with histrionic personality disorder?
Excessive emotionality and attention seeking.
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What does 'population' mean in research?
Everyone the research could apply to.
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What determines if someone is a super taster, medium taster, or nontaster?
Density of taste receptors determines if someone is a super taster, medium taster, or nontaster.
Card 19
What is repression in defense mechanisms?
Repression pushes traumatic memories into the unconscious.
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What defines narcissistic personality disorder?
Need for admiration and lack of empathy.
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What is a sample in research?
Participants chosen specifically for the study.
Card 22
How does sensory interaction affect taste?
Without smell, taste is weaker or absent.
Card 23
What is regression in defense mechanisms?
Regression involves reverting to earlier development stages during stress.
Card 24
What are the characteristics of Cluster C personality disorders?
Anxious and fearful behaviors.
Card 25
How does correlation work in research design?
It identifies relationships between two variables.
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What is unique about the sense of smell?
Smell (olfaction) does not route through the thalamus.
Card 27
What is denial in defense mechanisms?
Denial is refusing to acknowledge reality.
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What symptoms are associated with avoidant personality disorder?
Severe social anxiety and feeling inadequate.
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What does directionality problem mean in correlation?
Uncertainty about which variable affects the other.
Card 30
What role do pheromones play in smell?
Pheromones produce chemical signals for attraction within a species.
Card 31
What is rationalization in defense mechanisms?
Rationalization is justifying actions to oneself.
Card 32
How is dependent personality disorder characterized?
Helplessness, submissiveness, need for care.
Card 33
What is a positive correlation?
Both variables increase or decrease together.
Card 34
What is top-down processing in perception?
Top-down processing starts with whole ideas moving to smaller parts.
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What is displacement in defense mechanisms?
Displacement involves redirecting emotions to another target.
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What traits are associated with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?
Preoccupation with orderliness and control.
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What signifies a stronger correlation relationship?
Stronger numbers indicate stronger relationships.
Card 38
What is bottom-up processing in perception?
Bottom-up processing starts with smaller parts moving to a whole idea.
Card 39
What is projection in defense mechanisms?
Projection involves attributing personal faults onto others.
Card 40
What is the principle of nonmaleficence in therapy ethics?
The principle of doing no harm.
Card 41
What is unique about experiments in research?
They establish cause and effect.
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What is a schema in perception?
Schemas are preexisting mental concepts of how something should look.
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What is reaction formation in defense mechanisms?
Reaction formation turns unacceptable motives into their opposites.
Card 44
What does the fidelity principle entail in therapy ethics?
Upholding high standards in therapy practice.
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What is an independent variable?
Variable altered to observe its effect.
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What is perceptual set?
Perceptual set is the tendency to see something as part of a group.
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What is sublimation in defense mechanisms?
Sublimation replaces unacceptable impulses with socially acceptable ones.
Card 48
How is integrity important in therapy according to APA ethics?
Being honest about abilities and not deceiving others.
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What is a dependent variable?
Variable measured, dependent on the independent variable.
Card 50
What is the overall concept of Gestalt psychology?
Gestalt psychology states that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
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What are projective tests in psychodynamic approach?
Ambiguous stimuli shown to reveal unconscious thoughts; subjective and not reliable.
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What does respect for people's rights and dignity mean in therapy ethics?
Avoiding bias and respecting individual dignity.
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What is the placebo effect?
Effect caused by a placebo perceived as real.
Card 54
What is the figure/ground principle in Gestalt psychology?
The figure/ground principle organizes information into objects that stand apart from the background.
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How are personality traits described in trait theory?
Personality is described by stable, enduring traits.
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What is deinstitutionalization in the context of mental health treatment?
Release from asylums due to better medications.
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What is a double-blind experiment?
Neither participant nor experimenter knows conditions.
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What is the closure principle in Gestalt psychology?
Closure involves mentally filling in gaps.
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What is the BIG FIVE personality trait model?
The BIG FIVE model categorizes personality into five traits.
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What is a decentralized approach in mental health treatment?
Combining medications and therapy with minimal hospitalization.
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What does random assignment achieve?
Ensures equal representation among groups.
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What is the proximity principle in Gestalt psychology?
Proximity groups things together that appear near each other.
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What does openness indicate in the BIG FIVE model?
Openness involves imagination and willingness to experience new things.
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What is the goal of psychodynamic therapy?
Uncovering unconscious thoughts and feelings.
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What is naturalistic observation?
Observing people in their natural settings.
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What is the similarity principle in Gestalt psychology?
Similarity groups things together based on their looks.
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What does conscientiousness indicate in the BIG FIVE model?
Conscientiousness involves organization and discipline.
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What technique involves saying anything that comes to mind without prompt?
Free association.
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What is a case study?
In-depth study of one person.
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What are perceptual constancies?
Perceptual constancies recognize that objects do not physically change despite changes in sensory input.
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What does extraversion indicate in the BIG FIVE model?
Extraversion involves sociability and preference for social interaction.
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How does dream interpretation work in therapy?
Analyzing hidden meanings in dreams.
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What is a meta-analysis?
Combines studies to increase sample size.
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What is apparent movement?
Apparent movement refers to objects appearing to move when they aren't.
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What does agreeableness indicate in the BIG FIVE model?
Agreeableness involves trust and friendliness.
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What are psychoactive medications used for in mental health treatment?
Treat psychiatric conditions with medications.
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What are descriptive statistics?
They show the shape of the data.
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What is selective attention?
Selective attention focuses on one thing while blocking out others.
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What does neuroticism indicate in the BIG FIVE model?
Neuroticism involves emotional instability and stress.
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What is the purpose of anti-psychotic medications?
Decrease dopamine to treat schizophrenia.
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When is the mean used as a measure of central tendency?
In normal distribution situations.
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What is inattentional blindness?
Inattentional blindness is the failure to notice something added while focused on another task.
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How are personality inventories used in trait theory?
Factor analysis identifies similar traits through personality tests.
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What are the side effects of anti-psychotic medications?
Hand tremors due to lack of dopamine.
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What does negative skew indicate?
Mean is left of center; mode is right.
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What is change blindness?
Change blindness is the failure to notice a change in a scene.
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What does the humanistic explanation of personality emphasize?
It emphasizes personal growth and free will.
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How do anti-depressants work?
Inhibit reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine.
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What is the range in statistics?
Difference between smallest and largest numbers.
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What is the cocktail party effect?
The cocktail party effect is noticing your name spoken across the room when not paying attention.
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What is self-actualization in humanistic psychology?
It is achieving one's full potential and self-awareness.
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What role do anti-anxiety drugs play in treatment?
Increase GABA to manage anxiety.
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What does standard deviation measure?
Average spread of scores from the mean.
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What are binocular depth cues?
Binocular depth cues involve how both eyes create a 3D image.
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What is unconditional positive regard in humanistic psychology?
It is accepting others regardless of circumstances.
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What is lithium used for in psychiatric treatment?
As a mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder.
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What establishes statistical significance in inferential statistics?
Results are not due to chance (p<0.05).
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What is retinal disparity?
Retinal disparity helps determine depth by the image location on each retina.
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What does the social-cognitive explanation of personality emphasize?
It emphasizes behavior as an interaction of internal processes and environment.
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How is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) used?
Inducing minor seizures to treat severe depression.
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What is informed consent in ethical guidelines?
Participants must agree to be part.
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What is convergence in binocular depth cues?
Convergence involves the eyes straining more as objects draw nearer.
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What is reciprocal determinism in social-cognitive theory?
It's the interaction of behavior, cognition, and environment.
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What is the purpose of psychosurgery in mental health?
Destroying parts of the brain to treat severe cases.
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What is self-report bias in surveys?
Errors from desire to look good or wording.
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What are monocular depth cues?
Monocular depth cues allow forming a 3D image from a 2D image.
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What is self-efficacy in social-cognitive theory?
It's the belief in one's ability to succeed influencing actions.
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What does transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treat?
Depression, using magnetic fields to stimulate activity.
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What constitutes a random sample?
Every participant has an equal chance.
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What is interposition?
Interposition makes overlapping images appear closer.
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What is instinct theory in motivation?
It explains behavior as responses to fixed stimuli.
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What is the focus of humanistic therapy?
Focusing on personal growth and self-discovery.
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What is a representative sample?
A sample that mimics the general population.
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What does relative size indicate in monocular depth cues?
When two objects are similar in size, the smaller one appears further away.
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What is drive reduction theory in motivation?
It suggests needs create aroused tension motivating behavior to restore balance.
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What does person-centered therapy encourage?
Encourages clients to find their own solutions.
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How does experimenter bias affect research?
Expectations influence the research outcome.
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How does linear perspective contribute to depth perception?
Linear perspective involves parallel lines converging with distance.
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What is the approach-approach conflict?
A conflict involving a choice between two positive outcomes.
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What is active listening in therapy?
Thoughtfully engaging with clients' messages.
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What does cognitive bias include?
Includes biases like confirmation or hindsight.
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What is the importance of relative clarity in depth perception?
Hazy objects appear further away, indicating depth.
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What is the approach-avoidance conflict?
A conflict involving a positive and a negative aspect in a decision.
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What is unconditional positive regard?
Accepting clients without judgment.
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What does 'heredity' refer to in psychology?
Influence of genes on behavior.
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What does texture gradient help determine?
Texture gradient determines closeness based on coarseness.
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What is the avoidance-avoidance conflict?
A conflict involving a choice between two negative outcomes.
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What is the cognitive triad?
Negative views of self, world, and future.
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What makes up the central nervous system?
Brain and spinal cord.
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What are concepts in thinking and problem-solving?
Concepts are mental categories for grouping objects, events, and characteristics.
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What is self-determination theory?
It involves motivation that is either intrinsic or extrinsic.
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How does cognitive restructuring work in cognitive therapy?
Identifying and changing disordered thinking.
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What is the role of sensory neurons?
Receive sense signals and send to the brain.
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What are prototypes in thinking and problem-solving?
Prototypes are ideal examples to which all instances of a concept are compared.
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What is intrinsic motivation?
Doing something because it is inherently satisfying.
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What is the basis of behavioral therapy?
Using conditioning to change behaviors.
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How do neurons communicate?
Via action potentials when ions move across membranes.
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What are algorithms in problem-solving?
Algorithms are step-by-step strategies that guarantee a solution.
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What is extrinsic motivation?
Doing something to receive a reward or avoid punishment.
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What is systematic desensitization?
Associating relaxation with anxiety-triggering stimuli.
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What is the function of GABA?
Major inhibitory neurotransmitter.
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What are heuristics in problem-solving?
Heuristics are shortcut strategies like representative and availability heuristics.
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What is incentive theory?
It suggests motivation driven by external rewards.
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How does aversive conditioning work?
Associating unpleasant experiences with unwanted behaviors.
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What is dopamine associated with?
Reward and fine movement, linked to addiction.
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What is metacognition?
Metacognition is thinking about how you think.
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What is arousal theory?
It discusses motivation to maintain optimal arousal levels.
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What is the purpose of biofeedback in therapy?
Learning to control physiological responses.
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What is serotonin responsible for?
Mood, emotion, and sleep regulation.
Card 150
What is functional fixedness?
Functional fixedness is seeing only one common use for an item.
Card 151
What is the Yerkes-Dodson Law?
Moderate arousal results in the best performance.
Card 152
What are token economies used for in behavioral therapy?
Using rewards to reinforce desired behaviors.
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What is norepinephrine linked to?
Sympathetic nervous system, linked to depression.
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What is the sunk cost fallacy?
The sunk cost fallacy is continuing something because you're already invested.
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What is sensation seeking theory?
It involves seeking new and varied experiences.
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What is cognitive behavioral therapy?
A combined approach of cognitive and behavioral methods.
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What is the role of endorphins?
Decrease pain perception.
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What is the gamblers fallacy?
The gamblers fallacy is the belief that something is more likely because it's 'due'.
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What role does leptin play in hunger?
Leptin signals the body to stop eating.
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What does dialectical behavior therapy focus on?
Understanding how thoughts affect emotions and behaviors.
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What does the limbic system include?
Amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus.
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What is divergent thinking?
Divergent thinking is the ability to consider many different things simultaneously.
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What role does ghrelin play in hunger?
Ghrelin signals the body to start eating.
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What is rational-emotive therapy?
Replacing unhealthy thought patterns.
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What is the amygdala responsible for?
Emotions and fear.
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How does convergent thinking affect creativity?
Convergent thinking limits creativity by focusing on one answer.
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What are environmental cues in hunger?
Time of day and social cues that trigger eating.
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What are the benefits and limitations of group therapy?
Diverse perspectives in a supportive environment.
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What does the hippocampus do?
Memory storage and recall.
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What is executive functioning?
Executive functioning involves generating, organizing, and carrying out goal-directed behaviors.
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What does physiological arousal refer to in emotion theories?
It refers to physical responses like heart rate during emotions.
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What is hypnosis used for in therapy?
Pain control and anxiety management.
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What is the function of the occipital lobe?
Processes visual information.
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What is automatic encoding in memory?
Automatic encoding requires no effort, like remembering breakfast.
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What is the facial feedback hypothesis?
Forcing a smile can make you feel happier.
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What do opponent process theories explain?
Color afterimages due to complementary processing.
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What is effortful encoding in memory?
Effortful encoding requires work to store information, like studying for school.
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What is the broaden and build theory?
Positive emotions broaden awareness and build skills over time.
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What can cause conduction deafness?
Damage to ear bones or eardrum.
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What are the levels of processing in encoding?
The levels of processing are structural, phonemic, and semantic encoding.
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What are the six universal emotions?
Happiness, anger, sadness, surprise, disgust, and fear.
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What is meant by sensorineural hearing loss?
Cochlea or nerve damage, often age-related.
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What is elaborative rehearsal?
Elaborative rehearsal uses strategies like imagery and chunking to aid memory.
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What are display rules in emotions?
Cultural norms for how emotions should be expressed.
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What is the vestibular sense responsible for?
Sense of balance from inner ear canals.
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What is context-dependent memory?
Context-dependent memory means recalling where the information was learned is best done in that place.
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What is health psychology?
It studies psychological aspects of physical health and illness.
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What is kinesthetic sense?
Body position and movement awareness.
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What is state-dependent memory?
State-dependent memory is best recalled in the physical state in which it was learned.
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What is the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?
The three phases: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion in stress response.
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What does the gate-control theory of pain suggest?
Suggests a mechanism to control pain perception.
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What is mood congruent memory?
Mood congruent memory involves remembering events consistent with your current mood.
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What is panic disorder?
Frequent and sudden panic attacks.
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What is the forgetting curve?
The forgetting curve shows that recall decreases rapidly at first, then stabilizes.
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What is social anxiety disorder?
Intense fear of being judged in social situations.
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What is distributed practice?
Distributed practice involves reviewing material periodically to reset the forgetting curve.
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What is generalized anxiety disorder?
Consistent anxiety without a specific cause or trigger.
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What is the testing effect?
The testing effect involves quizzing over material periodically for better retention.
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What is dissociative amnesia?
Inability to remember parts of the past due to trauma.
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What is sensory memory?
Sensory memory stores all incoming stimuli temporarily, requiring attention to move to short-term memory.
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What is dissociative identity disorder?
Presence of multiple distinct personalities within one person.
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What is short-term memory?
Short-term memory lasts around 30 seconds and holds 7 2 items.
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What are obsessions in OCD?
Unwanted and intrusive thoughts.
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What is long-term memory?
Long-term memory can last a lifetime and has unlimited capacity.
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What are compulsions in OCD?
Repetitive behaviors driven by obsessions.
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What are explicit memories?
Explicit memories require conscious effort and include episodic and semantic memories.
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What is PTSD?
Severe anxiety and flashbacks from traumatic events.
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What are implicit memories?
Implicit memories are automatic and include procedural memories and priming.
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What is personality disorder?
Disruptive and inflexible behavior patterns.
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What separates working memory from short-term memory?
Working memory divides short-term memory into visual spatial memory and phonological loop.
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What characterizes cluster A personality disorders?
Marked by odd or eccentric behaviors like paranoia and social discomfort.
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What is prospective memory?
Prospective memory involves remembering to perform tasks in the future.
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What is autobiographical memory?
Autobiographical memory combines episodic and semantic memory for personal history.
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What is the tip of the tongue phenomenon?
The tip of the tongue phenomenon involves being unable to recall a name while stuck in a semantic network.
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What are schemas in memory organization?
Schemas are frameworks that organize information in memory.
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What is assimilation in cognitive development?
Assimilation involves incorporating new information into existing schemas.
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What is accommodation in cognitive development?
Accommodation adjusts existing schemas to include new information.
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What is object permanence in the sensorimotor stage?
Object permanence is the awareness that objects continue to exist even when out of view.
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What is egocentrism in the pre-operational stage?
Egocentrism is the inability to distinguish one's own perspective from another's in the pre-operational stage.
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What is conservation in the pre-operational stage?
Conservation is the understanding that substances remain the same despite changes in form, characteristic of the pre-operational stage.
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What is the concrete operational stage?
The concrete operational stage involves logical reasoning in concrete contexts.
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What is the formal operational stage?
The formal operational stage involves abstract and hypothetical thinking.
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What is the zone of proximal development in Vygotskys theory?
The zone of proximal development is the gap between what a child can do alone and with help.
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What are primary sex characteristics?
Primary sex characteristics are necessary structures for reproduction.
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What is menarche?
Menarche is a girl's first menstrual period.
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What is spermarche?
Spermarche is the first ejaculation of sperm in males.
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What are secondary sex characteristics?
Secondary sex characteristics are nonreproductive features that develop during puberty.
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What occurs during the adolescent growth spurt?
The adolescent growth spurt involves rapid development of muscles and bones.
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How does cognitive development differ according to Piaget?
Piaget's theory involves discrete stages that differ among children.
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What is Vygotskys theory of cognitive development?
Vygotskys theory emphasizes social interaction's role in cognitive development.
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What structure is involved in episodic and semantic memory?
The hippocampus is involved in episodic and semantic memory storage.
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Where are implicit memories stored?
The cerebellum stores implicit or procedural memories.
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What is the role of the amygdala in memory?
The amygdala processes emotional memories.
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What is long-term potentiation?
Long-term potentiation is the neural basis of strengthening memory over time.
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What is the serial position effect?
The serial position effect involves remembering the start and end of a list best.
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What happens during the primacy effect?
The primacy effect occurs when information at the beginning is moved to long-term memory.
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What causes the recency effect?
The recency effect happens because the information is still in short-term memory.
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What is crystallized intelligence?
Crystallized intelligence involves fact-based knowledge and experiences, increasing with age.
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How does fluid intelligence differ from crystallized intelligence?
Fluid intelligence involves learning new things and problem-solving, decreasing with age.
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What are the effects of dementia?
Dementia causes loss of cognitive function, emotional, and behavioral changes.
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What is language?
Language is a shared system of symbols governed by rules, allowing infinite communication.
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What are phonemes?
Phonemes are the smallest units of sound in a language.
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What is a morpheme?
A morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning, such as '-ed' indicating past tense.
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What does grammar refer to?
Grammar is the set of rules that enable communication in a language.
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How is meaning derived in semantics?
Semantics involves the rules for deriving meaning from words and sentences.
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What is syntax in language?
Syntax refers to the rules for combining words into sentences.
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What is the babbling stage?
The babbling stage is when infants begin creating phonemes with consonants.
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What is overregularization in children's language development?
Overregularization is when children overuse certain morphemes, like 'I go-ed.'
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What is temperament in socioemotional development?
Temperament refers to patterns of emotional reactions in babies, impacting attachment.
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What did the 'monkey experiments' discover about attachment?
The experiments found that contact comfort is more important than feeding for attachment.
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What is the strange situation paradigm?
It assesses a child's attachment style by observing reactions when left alone and reunited with a parent.
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What characterizes secure attachment in infants?
Securely attached infants are upset when a parent leaves but are easily calmed on return.
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How do avoidant insecure infants typically behave?
Avoidant insecure infants avoid parents and show indifference when they leave.
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What is the impact of authoritarian parenting style on children?
Authoritarian parenting involves strict rules, leading to low self-esteem and initiative.
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What are the characteristics of permissive parenting?
Permissive parenting lacks rules, leading to high self-esteem but low initiative.
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How does authoritative parenting benefit children?
Authoritative parenting involves give and take, leading to socially competent children.
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What is parallel play?
Parallel play involves children playing side by side without interacting.
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What is the imaginary audience phenomenon?
It is the belief that others are constantly observing them, tied to egocentrism.
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What is a social clock?
A social clock refers to cultural expectations for age-appropriate behaviors.
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How do gender roles influence behavior?
Gender roles are culturally influenced expectations for behaviors of men and women.
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What is the crisis in Erikson's Trust vs. Mistrust stage?
It involves developing basic trust if an infant's needs are met.
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What do individuals learn in the Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt stage?
Children learn to exercise their will and assert independence.
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What happens in the Initiative vs. Guilt stage?
Children initiate tasks and are creative, leading to a sense of purpose.
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What does Identity vs. Role Confusion stage involve?
Adolescents refine their sense of self by exploring and forming an identity.
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What is the focus during the Generativity vs. Stagnation stage?
Focus is on contributing to society through family and work.
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What is Marcia's Identity Diffusion status?
There is no commitment or exploration; the individual lacks a clear identity.
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What is an Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE)?
ACE refers to stressful or traumatic events impacting a child's development.
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What is the microsystem in the Ecological Systems Theory?
It is the immediate environment where daily interactions occur, like family and friends.
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What defines the mesosystem in Ecological Systems Theory?
The mesosystem involves interactions between components of the microsystem, like parents and teachers.
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What is classical conditioning?
Classical conditioning explains how involuntary behaviors and emotions are learned.
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What is the unconditioned stimulus (UCS)?
An unconditioned stimulus causes a response naturally, without needing to be learned.
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What occurs during the process of acquisition in classical conditioning?
Acquisition is the process of learning the pairing of stimuli and responses.
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What is spontaneous recovery?
Spontaneous recovery is the return of a conditioned response after it seems extinct.
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What is operant conditioning's Law of Effect?
Behaviors followed by positive outcomes are strengthened; negative outcomes weaken them.
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How does positive reinforcement work?
Positive reinforcement adds something pleasant to increase a behavior.
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What is negative reinforcement?
Negative reinforcement removes something unpleasant to increase a behavior.
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What is a primary reinforcer?
Primary reinforcers are innately satisfying, like food and water.
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What is shaping in operant conditioning?
Shaping involves using successive approximations to train a target behavior.
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What is a fixed ratio schedule in reinforcement?
A fixed ratio schedule rewards after a set number of responses.
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What is conformity in social behavior?
Conformity is a change in behavior to match a group's norms.
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What factors influence obedience?
Obedience is influenced by proximity and legitimacy of authority figures, and cultural factors.
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How do collectivistic cultures impact conformity?
Collectivistic cultures encourage conformity and obedience to social and group ties.
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What is group polarization?
Group polarization is when group discussions strengthen existing beliefs.
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How does groupthink affect decision-making?
Groupthink leads to uniformity in decision-making, often overlooking alternatives.
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What is the bystander effect?
The bystander effect is when people are less likely to help as group size increases.
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How does deindividuation occur?
Deindividuation is the loss of self-awareness and restraint in group situations.
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What is social facilitation?
Social facilitation refers to improved performance on tasks in the presence of others.
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What is the false-consensus effect?
The false-consensus effect is overestimating the extent others share our beliefs.
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What are superordinate goals?
Superordinate goals require two or more groups to work together, fostering unity.
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What is the aim of industrial/organizational psychology?
It studies workplace relationships, practices, and job satisfaction.
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What is altruism?
Altruism is the selfless concern for the well-being of others.
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What did the Stanford Prison Experiment demonstrate?
It demonstrated the power of roles and authority in influencing behavior.