MemorIQ Essentials: Chemistry

A chemical reaction involves the transformation of substances through breaking and forming bonds.

In bonding, electrons determine how atoms interact and form molecules.

A solute is the substance dissolved in a solution.

Temperature directly relates to the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance.

An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.

James Clerk Maxwell and Michael Faraday contributed to the discovery of electromagnetism.

The periodic table organizes elements by increasing atomic number and groups similar properties.

The pH scale measures the acidity or basicity of a solution, ranging from 0 to 14.

An ion is an atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons.

Endothermic reactions absorb heat, while exothermic reactions release heat.

Avogadro's number, 6.022 x 10, is the number of particles in one mole of a substance.

Isotopes are variants of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

Acids release hydrogen ions in solution, while bases release hydroxide ions.

John Dalton proposed the atomic theory in the early 19th century.

The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

Alkali metals are found in Group 1 of the periodic table and are highly reactive.

The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.

A redox reaction involves the transfer of electrons between chemical species.

Kinetic molecular theory explains the behavior of gases in terms of particles in constant motion.

Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, measured in grams per mole.

The Law of Conservation of Mass states that mass cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.

Polymers are large molecules consisting of repeating structural units called monomers.

A solution is a homogeneous mixture of solute and solvent.

A catalyst speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.