Progressives Era
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Progressives Era
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This flashcard set covers significant transformations and social movements in early 20th century America, including the shift of rural populations to industrialized, mixed-ethnicity societies. Learners will explore key issues faced by African Americans, women's suffrage, and the Progressive movement, highlighting influential figures and their reforms. The set also delves into muckraking journalism, landmark legislation, and major political events, providing a comprehensive overview of the era's efforts toward social justice and democratic reforms.
Card 1
What transformation did the rural population undergo?
They transitioned to an industrialized society with mixed ethnicities.
Card 2
What alarmed the middle class during industrialization?
The power of big businesses and the wealth gap.
Card 3
What issues did African Americans face in the South?
Racial injustices and discrimination.
Card 4
What movement sought voting rights for women?
The women's suffrage movement.
Card 5
Who were some key groups among the Progressives?
Protestant church leaders, African Americans, labor leaders, women.
Card 6
What was the core philosophy of the Progressives?
Need for change through reforms and democracy.
Card 7
What historical reforms preceded the Progressive reform impulse?
Abolition of slavery, women's rights, temperance.
Card 8
How did Darwin influence Progressive thinking?
Challenged static reasoning with evolutionary ideas.
Card 9
What pragmatic approach did the Progressives advocate for?
Practical approach to morals, ideals, and knowledge.
Card 10
What role did the government play according to Progressives?
Agency for human welfare and reform.
Card 11
What did Upton Sinclair expose in 'The Jungle'?
Poor conditions in the meatpacking industry.
Card 12
What did Lincoln Steffens describe in 'The Shame of The Cities'?
Corruption in big city politics.
Card 13
How did muckraking journalism impact society?
Exposed inequities and educated the public.
Card 14
What eventually happened to muckraking after 1910?
It declined after 1910.
Card 15
What unsanitary conditions did Sinclair describe in meatpacking?
Filthy and contaminated practices in meatpacking plants.
Card 16
What was the cornerstone of Progressive ideology?
Democracy as a core principle.
Card 17
What reforms were advocated to increase voter participation?
Secret ballot, direct primaries, direct election of senators, initiative, referendum, recall.
Card 18
What was the significance of the 17th Amendment?
Direct election of senators in 1913.
Card 19
What were the key elements of Theodore Roosevelt's Square Deal?
It was focused on fairness for labor and business.
Card 20
How did Roosevelt address trust-busting?
Distinguished between 'good' and 'bad' trusts; enforced antitrust regulations.
Card 21
What laws were passed following 'The Jungle'?
Pure Food and Drug Act and Meat Inspection Act of 1906.
Card 22
What did the 16th Amendment authorize?
Allowed the U.S. government to collect an income tax.
Card 23
What was the focus of foreign policy under Taft?
Dollar diplomacy.
Card 24
What characterized the third party of the early 1900s?
Focus on welfare of the working class with radical reforms.
Card 25
Who was Eugene V. Debs and what was his role?
Labor leader and socialist presidential candidate.
Card 26
What was significant about the 1912 presidential election outcome?
Wilson won due to a split in the Republican vote.
Card 27
What did Woodrow Wilson pledge to focus on?
Fair competition in the economy.
Card 28
What was Wilson's stance on economic competition?
Restoring economic fairness and fighting tariffs, banking, and trusts.
Card 29
What acts were part of Wilson's New Freedom policy?
Clayton Antitrust Act, Federal Trade Commission, Federal Farm Loan Act, Child Labor Act.
Card 30
Who was the first African American with a PhD from Harvard?
W.E.B. Du Bois.
Card 31
What book did he author in 1903 and what was its focus?
'Souls of Black Folk,' focused on African American rights.
Card 32
What belief did he hold about the 'talented tenth'?
He believed they should lead the African American community.
Card 33
What was the Niagara Movement and what did it lead to?
A civil rights organization that evolved into the NAACP.