Diplomacy and World War II, 1929-1945
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Diplomacy and World War II, 1929-1945
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This flashcard set covers key aspects of U.S. foreign policy from the 1920s through World War II, focusing on isolationism, neutrality acts, and America's eventual involvement in the conflict. Learners will explore significant events like the Kellogg-Briand Pact, Pearl Harbor, and the Lend-Lease Act, as well as the impact of the war on various groups, including women and African Americans. The set also addresses the consequences of wartime decisions, such as internment and military strategies.
Card 1
Herbert Hoover's foreign policy
Herbert Hoover practiced a foreign policy of isolationism, avoiding firm commitments.
Card 2
Hoover's belief on U.S. commitments
Hoover affirmed that the U.S. should avoid entanglements like the League of Nations.
Card 3
Kellogg-Briand Pact details
The Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928 was initiated by the U.S. and signed by many nations to renounce war as a means of conflict resolution.
Card 4
Causes of WWII: Economic factors
Economic hardship, nationalism, and bitterness from WWI contributed to the rise of tensions leading to WWII.
Card 5
Italy's Fascist leader in 1922
Benito Mussolini led Italy and the Fascist Party, gaining power in 1922.
Card 6
Germany's leader and his policies
Adolf Hitler led Germany with policies rooted in anti-Semitism and totalitarianism.
Card 7
Japan's actions in WWII
Japan, under Emperor Hirohito, engaged in militaristic expansion, invading China and Southeast Asia for resources.
Card 8
American sentiment after WWI
Many Americans, disillusioned by WWI, were resistant to entering another conflict, preferring isolationism.
Card 9
Neutrality Act of 1935 purpose
The Neutrality Act of 1935 aimed to prevent U.S. involvement in overseas conflicts.
Card 10
Neutrality Act of 1936 purpose
The Neutrality Act of 1936 continued restrictions on American arms sales to belligerents.
Card 11
Neutrality Act of 1937 purpose
The Neutrality Act of 1937 extended previous restrictions, prohibiting U.S. ships from entering warring nations' ports.
Card 12
America First Committee founding
The America First Committee was formed in 1940 by isolationists who opposed U.S. involvement in Europe.
Card 13
Outcome of appeasement policy in late 1930s
The policy of appeasement in the late 1930s enabled Hitler to gather military strength without opposition.
Card 14
Munich Conference significance
The Munich Conference of 1938 exemplified appeasement, where countries conceded to Hitler to prevent conflict.
Card 15
Italy's invasion in 1935
Italy invaded Ethiopia in 1935, marking an act of aggression prior to WWII.
Card 16
Japan's war declaration in 1937
Japan declared full-scale war on China in 1937, escalating tensions in the Pacific.
Card 17
FDR's stance on neutrality
FDR advocated neutrality but pushed for arms buildup, a position Congress eventually accepted.
Card 18
Changes to neutrality laws by FDR
FDR gradually weakened neutrality laws to provide aid to Britain during the conflict.
Card 19
Cash and Carry law details
The Cash and Carry law allowed the U.S. to supply Britain, with the requirement that aid be transported on British ships.
Card 20
Selective Service Act of 1940
The Selective Service Act of 1940 implemented peacetime draft registration for males.
Card 21
Destroyers for Bases deal
The Destroyers for Bases deal involved the U.S. giving older destroyers to Britain in exchange for military base access.
Card 22
FDR's December 1940 fireside chat
In December 1940, FDR emphasized the need for the U.S. to be the 'arsenal of democracy' in his fireside chat.
Card 23
Lend-Lease Act introduction
The Lend-Lease Act of 1941 allowed the U.S. to supply arms to allies like Britain on credit.
Card 24
Atlantic Charter discussion
The Atlantic Charter was a meeting between FDR and Churchill to outline post-war goals.
Card 25
U.S. trade policy with Japan
The U.S. cut off vital resources such as oil from Japan to pressure them, leading to increased tensions.
Card 26
December 7, 1941 events
On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, killing 2,400 Americans and prompting U.S. response.
Card 27
FDR's declaration after Pearl Harbor
FDR called December 7, 1941, 'a date that will live in infamy' when addressing Congress the following day.
Card 28
Germany and Italy's war declaration
Germany and Italy declared war on the U.S. three days after the Pearl Harbor attack.
Card 29
War's impact on African Americans
The war created job opportunities for African Americans and women, similar to WWI.
Card 30
Women in the workforce during WWII
Approximately 5 million women entered the workforce during WWII, often in low-paying factory roles.
Card 31
Role of the Tuskegee Airmen
The Tuskegee Airmen were an African American military group that made significant contributions during WWII.
Card 32
Office of War Information purpose
The Office of War Information controlled war-related news and propaganda to bolster public morale.
Card 33
Executive Order 9066 effects
Executive Order 9066 led to the internment of over 100,000 Japanese Americans during WWII due to war fears.
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Korematsu v. U.S. case outcome
Korematsu v. U.S. upheld the government's decision during wartime to intern Japanese Americans as a national security measure.
Card 35
Bob Fletcher's actions during internment
Bob Fletcher took measures to save Japanese American farms during internment, despite facing criticism and threats.
Card 36
FDR's political context in 1944
FDR's running mate in 1944 was Harry S. Truman, amid continued wartime context.
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Two theatres of operation in WWII
WWII involved two main fronts: the Pacific and European theatres of operation.
Card 38
Operation Torch significance
Operation Torch was the Allied invasion of North Africa, crucial for driving Germans out.
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D Day invasion date
D Day occurred on June 6, 1944, marking a significant Allied invasion of occupied France.
Card 40
Holocaust casualties during WWII
U.S. troops discovered the extent of the Holocaust as they advanced into Germany, where 6 million Jews perished.
Card 41
White Rose movement arrests
The White Rose movement was a resistance group; its members, including Hans and Sophie Scholl, were arrested and executed by the Nazis.
Card 42
Battle of Midway overview
The Battle of Midway was a critical naval battle in the Pacific, turning the tide against Japan.
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Manhattan Project leader
The Manhattan Project, led by Robert Oppenheimer, developed the atomic bomb during WWII.
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Truman's decision on the atomic bomb
Truman decided to use atomic bombs on Japan to expedite an end to the war.
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Locations of atomic bomb deployment
Atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, leading to Japan's surrender.
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Pima or Akimel O'odham identification
The Pima or Akimel O'odham are Indigenous peoples from present-day Arizona, known for their river-based lifestyle.
Card 47
Impact of PTSD on veterans
Veterans from WWII often struggled with PTSD, affecting their reintegration into society.